Background: Euphorbia hirta is a tropical plant common throughout India. It is used to treat cough, fever, asthma, etc. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of E. hirta on common oral pathogens. Materials and methods: An in vitro study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of E. hirta on the bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Escherichia Coli) and fungi (Candida albicans). The agar well-diffusion method was used to determine the mean zone of inhibition (ZOI). Results: Euphorbia hirta has antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. mutans (ZOI = 11 ± 0.54 mm), L. acidophilus (ZOI = 10 ± 0.04 mm), E. coli (ZOI = 13 ± 0.05 mm), and C. albicans (ZOI = 14 ± 0.59 mm) at concentration of 5 mg/mL. Conclusion: Euphorbia hirta has antibacterial and antifungal properties against common oral pathogens.

Introduction: Depression is a major problem of mental illness that influences people globally everywhere. Chronic depression could increase the activity of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenaline (HPA) axis and sympathetic–adreno–medullary (SAM) axis, and system makes the depressive individuals more amenability to various systemic diseases. Depressive disorder could influence the autonomic nervous system that has effect on the salivary gland in which the salivary secretion is controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. Likewise salivary pH changes may invariably affect the oral health. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the salivary pH levels in depression before and after antidepressant therapy. Materials and methods: This study includes 40 subjects/groups, and group I (control), group IIA, and group II B (depressive individual's pre- and post-medication of antidepressant medication). Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess the depression. The whole saliva was collected in a sterile container by the spitting method of Navazesh, and Salivary pH level was measured using pH meter. Results: Parametric t-test was used for statistical analysis and thus showing statistically insignificant result for salivary.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the different treatment alternatives for class II division 2 malocclusion prevalent among the orthodontist in a questionnaire study. Methodology: The study was conducted among the orthodontist practicing in Chennai and Puducherry regions. A self-reviewed questionnaire was distributed to 52 orthodontists and the completely filled survey questions were collected and assessed. Results: Only an average of 27% of patients were having class II division 2 malocclusion with 69% of orthodontists considering the age of 12–15 years to be an optimal treatment period. Self-ligating bracket system was highly preferred for treatment care compared to the conventional bracket system. Conclusion: A need for proper treatment plan, appliance selection, and appropriate biomechanics is needed for class II division 2 malocclusion.

The incidence of maxillary anterior teeth being injured is very high as they are anteriorly placed in the arch, and they have a protrusive eruptive pattern. Maxillary anterior injury can cause changes in a patient's appearance as well as function and thus leading to a psychological impact. The application of intracanal post in root canal treated tooth improves the retention of eventual restoration. The fiber post has a modulus of elasticity very similar to dentin, and they strengthen the remaining tooth structure and increase tooth fracture resistance. The present case describes an Ellis class IV fracture which was rehabilitated using a fiber post and full coverage restoration.

Hypertension and angina are widely managed with calcium channel blockers in medical practice. Calcium channel blockers are now known to cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect. Plaque retention sites have the potential to impact the oral bacterial load and negatively affect the quality of life. However, relatively few cases of gingival overgrowth have been reported with amlodipine, a third-generation calcium channel blocker. It is believed that a good oral hygiene regimen is the best way to control gingival overgrowth. The most preferred method of treatment in severe cases is surgical excision, which is followed by careful oral hygiene practices. An amlodipine-treated hypertensive patient with gingival overgrowth is the subject of this case report.

An inflammatory paradental cyst is a unique lesion that originates from the cervical margin of the lateral aspect of a root as a consequence of inflammation in the dental pocket of a vital tooth. Herein, we report a rare case of a large lesion that was diagnosed incidentally on an incisional biopsy, confirmed histopathologically as an inflammatory paradental cyst, and managed successfully surgically along with the relevant review of the literature associated with it. An 18-year-old female reported to our department with a complaint of pain and swelling in the right-lower back-tooth region for the past 2 months. Clinically, there was mild swelling extraorally on the right side of the face. Radiographically, a large radiolucent lesion was seen extending from the distal surface of the right-lower second molar to the subcondylar region. Cyst enucleation was done along with the surgical removal of the right-lower third molar preserving the inferior alveolar nerve. Inflammatory paradental cyst though benign can be aggressive, so it should be treated at the earliest. It is always advisable to do an incisional biopsy to differentiate it from other potentially malignant lesions like ameloblastoma to prevent a radical treatment.

Expansion is a tempting means of gaining space, and it has been stated that crowding is due to posterior crossbite that develops early and is not self-correcting. Angle described the first use of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in 1860, and he taught that the ideal occlusion can be achieved when all teeth are accommodated in the dental arch to get a functional efficiency and to ensure a permanent result. Since reduced transverse dimension can also be an etiologic factor for the development of arch length discrepancies, expansion can be used for alleviating the crowding in selective cases. In RME, the dental and skeletal effects have been well documented, for correcting maxillary alveolar constriction. The expansion appliances can be classified into removable, semi-fixed, or fixed appliances, and based on the mode of activation, it can be either slow or rapid. The objective of this article is to create a better understanding of expansion as an important part of orthodontic treatment modality which can be a very valid solution to many space problems during treatment, as it is one of the most frequently used methods of gaining space.

Interim fixed partial denture (FPD) is an important phase of fixed prosthodontic treatment. The patient has to wait for certain days for the definitive prosthesis as laboratory work is involved into making of it. The interim FPD should provide sufficient durability to withstand the forces of mastication in that waiting period as a fractured interim restoration is damaging to the prosthodontic care and may lead to an unscheduled appointment for repair. It can be considerably difficult for the dentist as well as the patient to maintain the provisional prosthesis. Any damage to these interim fixed partial dentures may cause tooth movement and functional problems making the procedure tedious. It is important that provisional prosthesis shall fulfill the esthetical, mechanical, and biological requisites in order to make the treatment successful.

In this modern era of globalization, the use of smartphones is increasing among the general population, but visually challenged individuals face many difficulties in their routine day-to-day activities to orient themselves to an environment. Visually challenged children pursue their education through Braille, in the form of printed dots, which is their medium of learning. Since these children lack visual coordination, they find it difficult to acquire good oral health. Although there are many accessible technologies available for visually challenged children to guide them in their daily day-to-day activities without depending on others, but there is no mobile user-friendly application available regarding oral health maintenance for these individuals. Hence, there is a need to develop a mobile application in understanding their difficulties and challenges faced by them so that these special need children get benefitted.