Introduction: Pit and fissure sealants are a safe and effective way to prevent dental caries. Non Rinse 1 Conditioner has the advantage of being able to be applied and then removed with a simple burst of compressed air, without the need for washing thus reduces the working time and reduces the risk of contamination of enamel. Aim and Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength of pit and fissure sealant on enamel using a non-rinse conditioner and a conventional acid etch technique Materials and methods: 12 premolars and 12 deciduous molars were selected. Group 1 (Pl): Gelatin capsules were packed with Pit and fissure sealant applied on premolar after using Non rinse conditioner, Prime and Bond. Group 2 (P2): Gelatin capsules were packed with Pit and fissure sealant applied on premolar after using Acid etching, Prime and Bond. Group 3 (Dl): Gelatin capsules were packed with Pit and fissure sealant applied on deciduous molars after using Non rinse conditioner, Prime and Bond. Group 4 (D2): Gelatin capsules were packed with Pit and fissure sealant applied on deciduous molars after using Acid etching, Prime and Bond Results: Statistical analysis reveals that conventional acid etching technique shows statistically higher shear bond strength than non-rinse conditioner both in primary and permanent teeth. (p<0.00l). Conclusion: The shear bond strength of the pit & fissure sealant using the Conventional acid etch technique showed the highest shear bond strength than the use of Non-rinsed conditioner in both deciduous and permanent teeth groups.

Fibers are becoming very popular for reinforcement of polymer-based dental materials in all the other fields of dentistry other than restorative dentistry. Placement of fibers in restorative dentistry has not been discussed in detail, in the literature, before. This article presents management of six grossly damaged carious disfigurements with vital pulp and sound periodontal health. After considering the resistance, retention and biological form of the tooth and patients\' esthetic demands; fiber reinforced composite restoration was decided as the best treatment option for these cases. It has been suggested as a very conservative concept to use fiber reinforced restoration in restoring extensively damaged teeth. The guidelines for the different placement of fibers have been explained with six cases having varying degree of destruction. Hence, this case series can provide ease for the readers to decide the size, direction, number and other factors while restoring a complex case with fiber reinforced resin restoration.

A common sequlae to pulp disease is development of periapical lesions. Chronic periapical lesions mostly occur without any episode of acute pain and are discovered on routine radiographic examination. It's a well accepted fact that all inflammatory periapical lesions should be initially treated with conservative nonsurgical procedures. Studies have reported a success rate of up to 85% after endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical. lesions. With various biologic properties, calcium hydroxide has been widely used in endodontics from its introduction in 1920. Large size of a chronic periapical lesion does not always mandate its surgical removal, and that even cyst-like periapical lesions heal following a conservative endodontic therapy with long term calcium hydroxide therapy. This case series highlights the importance of calcium hydroxide being used as intracanal medicament with standard proctocols and time frame and also on different non surgical treatment strategies for management of chronic apical periododontitis patients.

The goal of a successful Prosthodontist should be aimed in delivering a smile to the patient be it dentulous or edentulous or partially edentulous state. This article discusses a case report of a patient who underwent hemimaxillectomy and had her smile restored back after definitive hollow bulb obturator prosthesis. It is a light weight one and was processed using a novel technique in which a cast partial framework was fabricated with an acrylic hollow bulb using double cure technique to render it weightless and more retentive.

Endodontic therapy of tooth with necrotic pulp with wide open apex has always posed challenge to endodontists. Endodontic treatment for such teeth is conventional Apexification with or without apical barrier. Traditionally calcium hydroxide has been used for apexification but prolonged treatment time is one of its major disadvantages which was overcome by the use of MTA. However, one of the technical problems faced with this restorative material is to prevent over fill and under fill. Using of a matrix avoids the extrusion of material into the periapical tissues. This article demonstrates the concept of using platelet rich fibrin membrane as an apical matrix barrier for stabilization of MT A in root end Apexification procedure. Platelet Rich Fibrin is an autologous fibrin matrix containing a large quantity of platelet and leukocyte cytokines, which enhance healing by release of growth factor. This case report represents the successful management of caseof immature maxillary anterior teeth with MT A plug and PRF as internal matrix.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The oral complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are devastating which includes gingivitis and periodontal disease, xerostomia and salivary gland dysfunction, disorders of oral mucosa and various soft tissue lesions, impaired healing, increased susceptibility to infections, caries and periapical abscesses, loss of teeth, taste impairment, neurosensory disorders and burning mouth syndrome. Changes that are seen in other oral soft tissues, in addition to the periodontal tissues, can be helpful in the diagnosis of diabetes in undiagnosed patients and may aid in the diagnosis of diabetes in dental office.

Background: Direct Posterior Composite restorations are one of the most commonly practiced restoration in clinical practice. It is considered to be the best alternative among all metal free restorations owing to low cost, satisfactory clinical success rate, relatively simple procedure not but least preserve remaining tooth structure in accordance to minimal invasive dentistry. Obtaining a precise contour and contact for class- II composite restoration or reconstruction is challenging as the most frequently faced complications are open contact leading to food impaction and post-operative sensitivity. Inefficient contour result in faulty occlusion and excessive wear of the restoration. Improper contact jeopardizes the health of the entire periodontium such as increased gingival inflammation, attachment loss apart from overhanging restorations. So the primary objective of a class II resin composite restoration is to create a functional and predictable ideal physiological proximal contact Numerous techniques and special armamentarium are needed to overcome the problems encountered in such clinical situations. Conclusion: This technical report shows various matrices and techniques that are used to overcome the open contact problem. These are evidence based solutions that can be used in clinical practice.

Root resection or amputation is carried for isolated root damage because of caries or periodontal origin. The success of the treatment will depend on the careful treatment planning, successful endodontic therapy and precise post endodontic restoration. This picture presentation shows an unusual bilateral mesio buccal caries destruction with trifurcation involvement and the steps in managing such case.

Background: The current evidence suggests that the oral microflora differs between individuals who are fully edentulous (FES) and those who are partially edentulous (PES). It is unknown whether this leads to differences in peri-implant microflora when implants are installed. The aim of the study is to compare the submucosal peri-implant microflora between FES and PES. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for publications up to September 1, 2012. To reduce methodologic variations, only studies reporting in the same article about the submucosal peri-implant microflora of FES and PES were selected. Results: Eleven publications describing 10 studies were selected. Because of numerous differences among the selected studies, no meta-analysis could beperformed. Six of 10 studies showed a significant difference in the composition of the submucosal peri-implant microflora in healthy and peri-implant mucositis conditions between FES and PES, with the latter showing a potentially more pathogenic composition. However, microbiologic results were not unanimous among the studies. Conclusions: In healthy and peri-implant mucositis conditions, PES harbor a potentially more pathogenic peri-implant microflora than FES. The current data are insufficient for a clear conclusion regarding peri-implantitis cases. Overall, because of the lack of a meta-analysis, the variability in microbiologic outcomes and the limited number of studies available, the current evidence seems not to be robust.