BACKGROUND: To compare the analgesic efficacy of Lignocaine spray 15% and Benzocaine20% gel with infiltration anaesthesia and to know which of the topical anaesthetic agent is as nearly efficient as 2% Lignocaine infiltration anaesthesia during sub-gingival periodontal procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomised spilt – mouth design trial for 20 patients was conducted. Patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three quadrants in each patient were selected randomly for application of topical local anaesthetic agents like 2% lignocaine spray and 20%benzocaine gel and control group(lignocaine local infiltration technique). Sub-gingival periodontal procedures were performed for these patients. Overall pain was assessed by the patient using numerical pain rating scale(NRS). RESULTS: Comparing the three groups, significant difference was observed between gel vs spray, gel vs control(infiltration), spray vs control (infiltration) (p value< 0.05). There is significant difference in the three groups as evidenced by kruskalwallis test. The highest median is in the spray followed by gel and the control group. There is significant difference seen in all the subgroups as assessed by dunns test. CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that 20% benzocaine gel can be used as an alternative to conventional 2% lignocaine infiltration anaesthesia when compared to 15% lignocaine spray.

BACKGROUND: Injuries resulting from trauma should not only be seen exclusively as a medical condition, but also as a social and economic problem, and to tackle such social problem a thorough understanding of the patterns and site of fractures is essential. Aim and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and patterns of maxillofacial fractures among cases reporting to Emergency room of a tertiary care center in Pondicherry from January 2012 – December 2014. Method: Data was obtained through a 3 year retrospective review of patients admitted/reported to emergency room of a Mahatma Gandhi Hospital and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India with maxillofacial trauma. Files with incomplete and unclear records were excluded from the present study. For each case, patient's gender and age, pattern of facial fractures, and side involved were recorded on a data sheet. Result: Maxillofacial fractures accounted for 29.75 percent of the cases. Majority of cases(31%) belonged to 21 – 30 year age group. Mandible sustained 51 percent of the fractures. Isolated fractures were seen in zygomatic complex (32.5%) followed by parasymphysis (28.2%). About 45 percent of the cases reported with fractures of Middle third of the face. Left side of the face was more involved than the right side of the face. Conclusion: The epidemiological study of facial trauma makes it possible to outline the risk situations, as well as the characteristics of individuals susceptible to this type of trauma.

Dental Caries is multifactorial in nature and preventive strategies are a must and are being followed since decades. A tooth (which is primarily mineral in content) is in a constant state of Demineralisation and remineralisation with the surrounding saliva. Pediatric dentistry faces challenges in preventive strategies of oral and dental health in children and adolescents. The search for alternative products such as use of phytochemicals isolated from plants are considered to be good alternatives, hence an introduction of Ayurvedic Medicine in this context holds a lot of temptations and over rulings. Ayurveda an ancient science based on herbal therapies believes that dental problems can be treated by balancing the three doshas of a human body - The Vatta, Pita and Kapha, just like any other diseased condition. Thus this article aims to review the prospects and perspectives of use of Ayurveda in Dentistry as a whole and its affinity in Pediatric Dentistry.

In the management of temporomandibular Joint ankylosis, Gap arthroplasty and Interpositionalarthroplasty techniques are most commonly and widely used, in which preventing recurrence is a major concern. We selected ten cases of which five underwent gap arthroplasty and remaining five underwent interpositionalarthroplasty. In our cases, interpositionalarthroplasty technique was done using temporalis fascia. It is used because of its rich blood supply and its proximity to the reconstruction site. This retrospective review of 10 cases which concludes that both Gap and Interpositionalarthroplasty have a satisfactory functional outcome in preventing recurrence as well as in achieving maximal interincisal mouth opening.

India is one among the 23 nations identified as fluoride endemic regions. The concentration of fluoride in the groundwater ranges from 1.0mg/l to 48.0mg/l, while The Bureau of Indian Standards has set 1.0mg/l as the acceptable limit. The constant exposure to fluoride through food and drinking water results in dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. To mitigate the effects of fluoride, an Integrted approach is needed as it is advantageous than the conventional defluoridation techniques. The Integrated Fluorosis Mitigation approach imparts better understanding of the adverse effects of fluoride consumption through Information, Education and Communication activities. Using data from dental survery and Quantitative Chemical Risk Assessment tool, the hazard is identified and risk is characterised. Based on these data, mitigation strategies are planned. This review outlines the process of Integrated Fluorosis Mitigation and various programmes undertaken by the various Indian state and central governmental agencies.

Oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are heterogonous group of lesions and conditions which are warned for future occurrence of oral cancer (mostly oral squamous cell carcinoma OSCC). Habits like tobacco or beetle quid chewing, smoking were considered to be the only important aetiologies of PMDs and OSCC. However, considering the updated reports of oral cancers, evidence exits on its occurrence in absence of any habit history or in normal sites as explained by concepts of field cancerization. This alarms for understanding all possible reasons which may determine the nature of a lesion or factors that are associated with malignant transformation to oral cancer. This review shall cover all possible factors that determine the malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders so that a clinician can understand and judge upon on the progress of potentially malignant conditions to oral cancer just by examining the lesion and co-relating with the listed “Determinants of malignant transformation” for PMDs and OSCC.

Ingestion of the foreign body like endodontic instrument, mouth mirror top, rubber dam clamp, during root canal treatment are rare but can result in serious complications. The present paper reports a case in which Irrigation needle was accidentally swallowed by the patient undergoing root canal therapy, which entered digestive tract and passed uneventfully within 24 hours.

An aberrant Maxillary labial frenum is capable of creating diastema and recession resulting in compromised aesthetics and function of the patient. Aberrant frena can be treated by frenectomy procedures. The “classical frenectomy” technique is an extensive procedure exposing the alveolar bone and thus leading to scar formation. To minimize these defects, Miller proposed a frenectomy technique combined with a laterally positioned pedicle graft. This technique provides closure across the midline and healing by primary intention and resulted in aesthetically acceptable results without scar formation. This article is a case report of frenectomy with laterally displaced flap.

An adequate amount of attached gingiva is required to protect the periodontium and promote periodontal health and also increase resistance and stabilization of gingival margin against frictional forces and external injury. Inadequate width of attached gingiva mucogingival surgeries like free tissue grafts, connective gingival grafts are used with other surgical procedure to increase the zones of attached gingiva and disadvantage of these technique are requirement of donor tissue. So the alternate technique was proposed by Carnio, which is simple, involving the use of a single horizontal incision in the recipient site without any donor tissue requirement.

Interdental papilla plays a vital role in determining aesthetics. Loss of interdental papilla is seen as unaesthetic black triangles in the interdental space. To regenerate the lost papilla, various techniques have been tried. In most of the techniques, connective tissue grafts are used to fill the space. This case report presents augmentation of interdental papilla using Han & Takei method with use of platelet rich fibrin. The advantage of using PRF is that there is no secondary surgical site involvement and patient acceptability & comfort is much greater.